Аннотация: The Story about the interest in the events in Venezuela in the morning on March 18, 2019
The Story about the interest in the events in Venezuela in the morning on March 18, 2019
1. The subway in Caracas.
Partial translation into Russian of English-language article Wikipedia of "Caracas Metro".
[Caracas Metro
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article may be expanded with text translated from the corresponding article in Spanish. (May 2014)
Native name Metro de Caracas
Locale Caracas, Venezuela
Transit type Rapid transit
Number of lines 4 (+ Los Teques Metro)
Number of stations 46 (51 incl. Los Teques Metro)[1][Note 1]
Daily ridership 2,500,000 (July 2018)[2]
Operation
Began operation January 2, 1983
Operator(s) Compañía Anónima
Metro de Caracas
Technical
System length 54.1 km (33.6 mi)[3]
63.6 km (39.5 mi)
(incl. Los Teques Metro)[3]
(...)
The Caracas Metro (Spanish: Metro de Caracas) is a mass rapid transit system serving Caracas, Venezuela. It was constructed and is operated by Compañía Anónima Metro de Caracas,[4] a government-owned company that was founded in 1977 by José González-Lander who headed the project for more than thirty years since the early planning stages in the 1960s. Its motto is "Somos parte de tu vida" (translated as "We are part of your life"). In 1978 MTA - New York City Transit's R46 #1216 (now 6132) was shipped from the Pullman Standard's plant as a sample of rolling stock to be used for this new Metro system that was under construction at the time. (...)]
2. The subway in Caracas. Partial translation into Russian of English-language article Wikipedia of "José González-Lander".
[José González-Lander
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
Born November 13, 1933
Caracas, Venezuela
Died January 18, 2000
Caracas, Venezuela
Jose Gonzalez-Lander (November 13, 1933 - January 18, 2000) was a Caracas, Venezuela born engineer credited for leading the planning, design and construction of the Caracas Metro during an uninterrupted period of more than thirty years, from 1966 to 1997.
Mr. Gonzalez-Lander dedicated his life to public service rising through the ranks of the Ministry of Public Works where he started as an assistant engineer when he was in his freshman year in engineering school. He graduated in 1958 with a degree in Civil Engineering from Universidad Central de Venezuela in Caracas. His graduation was delayed almost two years due to student unrest during the final years of General Marcos Pérez Jiménez' dictatorship. The Venezuelan government granted him a scholarship to attend graduate school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology where he concentrated in Transportation Engineering and Economics.
[1958+2=1960]
On his return to Venezuela Mr. Gonzalez-Lander was put in charge of the Ministry of Public Works' Office of Transportation Planning where he spearheaded the design of the backbone of the future Caracas Metro system, a 20 km underground double track rail line connecting the East and West ends of the city[1]. This effort would expand for 10 years before the project could muster enough public support for its construction.
Caracas' rapid growth as a result of the oil boom of the 1970s strained the capacity of the city's road network and the need for a rapid transit system became evident as automotive traffic along its modern expressways became chaotic. The government of President Carlos Andrés Pérez decided to provide full political and financial support to the construction of this complex project. The man selected to head this effort was Jose Gonzalez-Lander who, in 1977,[2] founded the Compañía Anónima Metro de Caracas, an independent government enterprise that would plan and execute the construction of the system and would operate it once completed (similar to an American Transit Authority.)
This was one of the most ambitious infrastructure projects[3] undertaken in the country since the Guri Dam was started in the 1960s. Construction of the first phase was very successful and revenue service started on January 2, 1983.[4][5] The success of the project was in large measure attributed to Mr. Gonzalez-Lander and his team's technical and managerial skills. In a country where most public endeavors are stifled by poor management and charges of corruption, the Caracas Metro and Mr. Gonzalez-Lander became an example to follow.
During his 20 years at the helm of the company, Gonzalez Lander oversaw the construction of the first line and of two branches (see List of Caracas Metro stations.) The last rail line completed under his management was opened to revenue service in 1994. The success of the company continued during the operation of the system with the creation of a network of feeder buses which replicated the efficiency of the underground service and gained the praise of all its users. This became the only centrally controlled network of high capacity buses in the city where, up to that point, surface transportation was provided by driver-owned jitneys. During his tenure the company also laid the foundation for the future growth of the system establishing an expansion program for the year 2010 that included two additional Metro corridors and two extensions of existing lines; three of these projects started construction between the years 2001 and 2003.
Gonzalez-Lander received multiple decorations during his professional career, most notably the Orden Francisco de Miranda and Orden Libertador from the Venezuelan government; the Ordre National de la Légion d'Honneur from the French Government and the Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana from the Italian Government. In his honor, the building that houses the Operations Control Center and Metro's training facilities was named "Jose Gonzalez Lander."
Gonzalez-Lander was also an accomplished amateur painter. During a period of 18 years he painted several hundred oil canvases mostly depicting urban scenes of early twentieth century Caracas and many portraits of his family.
Mr. Gonzalez-Lander retired in 1997 and received the honorary title of President Emeritus of the company he founded. He died in Caracas on January 18, 2000 at the age of 66. (...)]
3. The subway in Caracas. Translation into Russian of a fragment of English-language article Wikipedia of "Carlos Andrés Pérez".
[Carlos Andrés Pérez
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
President of Venezuela
In office
2 February 1989 - 21 May 1993
Preceded by Jaime Lusinchi
Succeeded by Octavio Lepage (Acting)
In office
12 March 1974 - 12 March 1979
Preceded by Rafael Caldera
Succeeded by Luis Herrera Campíns
(...)
Personal details
Born Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez
27 October 1922
Rubio, Táchira, Venezuela
Died 25 December 2010 (aged 88)
Miami, Florida, United States
Political party Acción Democrática
Spouse(s) Blanca Rodriguez
Cecilia Matos
Children
Sonia Thais Martha Carlos Manuel María de Los Ángeles Carolina María Francia Cecilia Victoria
Alma mater Central University of Venezuela
Free University of Colombia
Signature
Carlos Andrés Pérez Rodríguez (27 October 1922 - 25 December 2010) ..., was a Venezuelan politician, President of Venezuela from 12 March 1974 to 12 March 1979 and again from 2 February 1989 to 21 May 1993. His first presidency was known as the Saudi Venezuela due to its economic and social prosperity thanks to enormous income from petroleum exportation. However, his second period saw a continuation of the economic crisis of the 1980s, and saw a series of social crises, a popular revolt (denominated Caracazo) and two coup attempts in 1992. In May 1993 he became the first Venezuelan president to be forced out of the office by the Supreme Court, for the embezzlement of 250 million bolívars belonging to a presidential discretionary fund. (...)]
4. Hydroelectric power station of Guri. Translation into Russian of a fragment of English-language article Wikipedia of "Guri Dam".
[Guri Dam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This article needs to be updated. Please update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (June 2016)
Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant
Guri Dam
Guri Dam is located in VenezuelaGuri Dam
Location of Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant
Guri Dam in Venezuela
Official name Central Hidroeléctrica Simón Bolívar
Location Necuima Canyon, Bolívar
(...)
Status In use
Construction began 1963
Opening date 1978
Owner(s) CVG Electrificación del Caroní, C.A.
(...)
The Simón Bolívar Hydroelectric Plant, also Guri Dam (Spanish: Central Hidroeléctrica Simón Bolívar or Represa de Guri), is a concrete gravity and embankment dam in Bolívar State, Venezuela on the Caroni River built from 1963 to 1969. (...)]
[Rómulo Betancourt (President of Venezuela 1959-1964) - Raúl Leoni (President of Venezuela
1964-1969) - Rafael Caldera (President of Venezuela 1969-1974) - Carlos Andrés Pérez (President of Venezuela 1974-1979)]
The comment.
Two largest projects in Venezuela are connected with names of Presidents of Venezuela Rómulo Ernesto Betancourt Bello and Carlos Andrés Pérez:
(1) Hydroelectric power station of Guri - The Simon Bolivar's hydroelectric power station (construction of hydroelectric power station in 1963 at Rómulo Bettencourt began, the beginning of operation of hydroelectric power station in 1978 at Carlos Andres Perez Rodriguez).
(2) Creation of the subway in Caracas (the professional career Jose Gonsalez-Landera began in period of Rómulo Bettencourt, the beginning of construction of the subway - in 1977 in period of Carlos Andres Perez Rodriguez).
In the period of presidential powers of Carlos Andres Perez Rodriguez the construction of the subway in 1977 began and the operation of hydroelectric power station of Guri in 1978 began.
March 18, 2019 12:31
Translation from Russian into English: March 19, 2019 21:51.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский "Рассказ об интересе к событиям в Венесуэле утром 18 марта 2019 года".