Аннотация: Sergei Korolev and Wernher von Braun. The era of Mikhail Tukhachevsky and her completion. A historical essay.
Sergei Korolev and Wernher von Braun. The era of Mikhail Tukhachevsky and her completion. A historical essay.
The fate of Nikolai Kibalchich is well known.
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, he, of course, corresponded with Stalin. But to a greater extent Tsiolkovsky was a theoretician.
In the early 30s of the 20th century, the issue of missile development was on the agenda.
A rocket - it's a promising direction or not?
Who could answer this question at the time?
Sergey Korolev took up the practical activity of creating missiles in the USSR.
Under the leadership of Korolev, the first experimental domestic liquid-propellant rockets were developed and launched in the USSR. The first launch of the simplest rocket took place on August 17, 1933.
The efforts of Sergei Korolev during this period make a strange impression.
He works a lot. He makes suggestions. Mikhail Tukhachevsky helps him.
But as if unknown forces stand in the way of Korolev.
Korolev proposes to create a rocket institute. Day goes after day - there is no resolution of the Council of Labor and Defense.
Tukhachevsky takes responsibility for himself and personally issues an order on the establishment of the institute.
Korolev is appointed to a post - a level comparable to that of a lieutenant general.
But a little time passes - and Korolev was removed from this post.
Not much time has passed, and Korolev comes to the conclusion that the creation of the Rocket Institute turned against him personally and against his plans to create a new type of missiles.
Metaphorically speaking, Korolev is trying to raise his head, but someone like hits him onto the head, forcing him to duck, shrink, be as motionless as possible.
Then Mikhail Tukhachevsky leaves the stage.
A some more time - and the arrest of Korolev follows.
The first round of development of Soviet rocketry (under the leadership of Sergei Korolev) ended with talk of Trotskyism.
What is this unknown force that was stopping Korolev?
I think this is a very complex and complex phenomenon.
Why was there only one Tsiolkovsky in vast Russia? Why was Tsiolkovsky called a dreamer?
Why Felix Chuev quotes the words 'The Poles were even worse then than they are now.'?
The first attempt to get ahead in the field of rocketry ended without success.
The Second World War began.
If there was public sentiment, if there was a layer of influential people who opposed Korolev, then these people did not have the power to resist Wernher von Braun in the 30s and 40s of the 20th century.
It was possible, metaphorically speaking, to hit Korolev on the head, but there was no way to do the same with regard to Wernher von Braun.
On June 13, 1944, the shelling of London with V-2 rocket began.
It was possible to control the content of the Soviet media through many possibilities, but it was not possible to hide the fact of the use of V-2 rockets against Great Britain, against London.
Korolev's opponents had to retreat. The Kremlin leaders were not so stupid. They had to put aside their psychological quirks and think about their safety.
According to the protocol No.18 of the meeting of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on July 27, 1944, Sergei Pavlovich Korolev was released from punishment on the proposal of the NKVD of the USSR.
In a figurative sense, Sergei Korolev and Wernher von Braun worked "on the same wavelength."
Sergei Korolev appeared on the territory of the Soviet occupation zone in Germany. The military rules here. There were no informers on the subject of Trotskyism, and if they were here, it was not allowed to breathe fot them. There are no people here who readily receive denunciations and who create mythes with informers' messages month after month, year after year.
Perhaps, in the army, which visited the other countries, which had looked at a different life, which had won many victories under the leadership of Rokossovsky and other commanders, the mood towards the 'Poles' changed in a positive direction.
Since 1946, Alexander Vasilevsky - Chief of the General Staff and First Deputy Minister of Defense, since 1949 Minister of the Armed Forces of the USSR, in 1930-53 Minister of War.
Sergei Korolev goes to Germany to study captured missile weapons. He receives the rank of first lieutenant colonel, and then colonel. He is awarded with the order. As if he landed in another epoch and in another country.
First, de facto, and then de jure, the Council of Chief Designers [Council of Chief Designers of Rocket technology] begins to function.
Korolev gradually managed to achieve a government decision, according to which the decisions of the council were binding on all ministries and departments ...
A new management system appeared in the country of Soviets, in the state of the CPSU - although not for long ...
In the fall of 1947, the first experimental guided ballistic missiles of the V-2 or A-4 type were created in the USSR.
On October 18, 1947, at the Kapustin Yar test site, the first sample of a ballistic missile, assembled and debugged under the leadership of Sergei Korolev, was launched.
14 years passed between August 17, 1933 and October 18, 1947. A circle was complete. Wernher von Braun has achieved many technical successes - since 1937 ... The hands of the stupid and evil inhabitants of the Kremlin weren'r able to catch von Braun. So Sergei Korolev got the opportunity to work for the good of Soviet cosmos ...
June 25, 2021 11:07
Translation from Russian into English: June 25, 2021 12:58.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Сергей Королёв и Вернер фон Браун. Эпоха Михаила Тухачевского и ее завершение. Исторический очерк'.