Аннотация: Montreux Convention, Istanbul Canal and Josip Broz Tito. The essay on the history of diplomacy.
Montreux Convention, Istanbul Canal and Josip Broz Tito. The essay on the history of diplomacy.
According to the peace Treaty of San Stefano (1878) (between Russia and Turkey), it was supposed the creation of the "Great Bulgaria". The Treaty of San Stefano was effectively repealed at the Congress of Berlin of 1878.
Some countries in Europe assumed that "Great Bulgaria" could be influenced by the Russian Empire and give Russia access to the Mediterranean sea.
The named Treaty between Russia and Turkey (which did not enter into force) is interesting because its ideas illustrate the breadth of the Russian Empire's approach to the "problem of the Straits" (the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles).
Not only direct control over the Straits could be an option to solve the "problem", but also the others possibilities of access up to the Mediterranean sea.
If to look at the all the history of the Russian-Turkish wars, you can come to the hypothesis: "the problem of the Straits" can be solved only in agreement with the European powers.
The practice of diplomacy seems to confirm this hypothesis.
The USSR in the mid-30s of the 20th century took an active Pro-European position. We can mention the entry of the USSR into the League of Nations (1934), the positive contacts of the USSR with the powers in Central and Western Europe.
In 1936, the multilateral Montreux Convention on the status of Straits was signed, which was a variant of the solution the "Straits problem", - an option agreed with the European powers.
In the long history of the solution of the "Straits problem", apparently, it is possible to include with sufficient grounds the meeting Of the information Bureau of the Communist parties in Bucharest on June 19-23, 1948. (Before this meeting, in 1947, there was a situation with the project of an indefinite Yugoslav-Bulgarian Union... After criticism, Tito and Dimitrov immediately admitted their mistake. Next-the idea of creating a Federation of Eastern European countries (1948). Again the mistake of "comrades").
Following the meeting of June 19-23, 1948, the famous resolution "On the situation in the Communist party of Yugoslavia" was adopted .
It can be assumed that the independent actions of the Yugoslav comrades could indirectly expose the USSR to a troubles. Yevgeny Matonin cites, for example, such words of Stalin about the politicians of England and America - they (politicians) "will appear in the role of defenders of Albanian independence ... Yugoslavia will be presented as a country that occupies the another independent country. And then, of course, military intervention is possible."(Yevgeny Matonin "Josip Broz Tito").
The Montreux Convention was, however, a more reliable option...
The construction of the Istanbul Canal raises new questions... There are assumptions that after the construction of this channel, traffic through the Bosphorus Strait may be reduced or stopped...
December 27, 2019 22: 55
Translation from Russian into English: December 27, 2019 23:40.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Конвенция Монтрё, канал "Стамбул" и Иосип Броз Тито. Очерк истории дипломатии'.