Аннотация: Kramatorsk and Kramskoy. An essay on geographical and historical associations.
Kramatorsk and Kramskoy. An essay on geographical and historical associations.
We will discuss the origin of the name "Kramatorsk" hypothetically.
It seems that there are no settlements with similar names on the territory of the former USSR.
An appeal to the encyclopedia suggests that earlier the name sounded like "Kramatorskaya" [feminine word].
Perhaps the settlement got its name when it was a stanitsa [Cossack village]. [March 13, 1925 - Kramatorskaya is classified as an urban-type settlement. June 20, 1932 - Kramatorovka received the status of a city.]
A noticeable number of surnames of foreign figures, originating from Cram-, Kram- , attracts attention.
Perhaps, such a definition in the Explanatory Dictionary of Vladimir Dal is connected with these surnames '... german petty trader, ... ofenya, peddler, scribbler, needle case...'
Is the city named in honor of foreign scientists or in honor of peddlers? It's unlikely.
More likely is the version based on the "upconnection" ("invitation") of the artist Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy (1837 - 1887).
Крамола - Kramola - Sedition is rebellion.
The artist Kramskoy is known not only for his paintings, but also for the fact that he was the initiator of the so-called "Revolt of the Fourteen." So we found "mutiny". Kramskoy himself was born in the Voronezh region, that is, not far from the Seversk cities.
"Sedition" plus "торить" " torit' ". Again we turn to the dictionary of Vladimir Dal: 'торить ... to lay a furrow, a way, a path ...'
Both during the time of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, and during the time of the Cossacks (if Kramatorsk was in old times a stanitsa), there were riots. For example, the Bulavinsky uprising [The Bulavin Rebellion], which was suppressed in 1708, and which developed in the region of the Seversky Donets River.
Hence - (our) main version: Kramatorskaya (Kramatorsk) was associated with some kind of rebellion. According to Vladimir Dal's dictionary, "Крамола" - "Kramola" - "Sedition" - "Rebellion" and "revolution" are synonymous.
[In 1868, on the Kursk-Kharkov-Azov railway under construction, a Kramatorskaya junction appeared near the Kazyonny Torets River.
In 1875, the name Kramatorskaya was mentioned for the first time in the Post Road Book of the Russian Empire, p. 21, 229).]
[In the 'Sputnik along the Kursk-Kharkov-Sevastopol Railway', published in 1902, on p. 172 it is explained that Kramatorovka is the erroneous name of Krasnotorka, named in turn after the Krasny Torets River.] (The mutiny could have happened in the region of the Krasny [Kazyonny] Torets River ?)
[Kromy is an urban-type settlement in the Oryol oblast of Russia, the administrative center of the Kromsky district. In the Time of Troubles, the Kroms, located on the way from Seversk land (the starting point of a series of uprisings) to Moscow, played an important role. In 1605, supporters of False Dmitry I held the defense in Kromy, who, under the leadership of Ataman A. Korela, withstood the siege of the troops of Mstislavsky, Sheremetev and Shuisky.]
['1753 - the cornet [хорунжий] of the Bakhmut cavalry Cossack regiment Stepan Taranov founded the Belyanskaya settlement, the first settlement on the territory of the modern city of Kramatorsk.' - A typical statement in the style of Karamzin's "History": The Grand Duchy of Lithuania becomes transparent, invisible; the world is being created, and history begins 'in the darkness of non-existence' with decrees or actions of some ruler of Moscow Rus' or of the Russian state]
The example of Ivan Nikolaevich Kramskoy shows that in the sphere of art and culture, "rebellion" can bring new cultural achievements. It is unlikely that such a judgment is correct in relation to other fields of activity.
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May 9, 2022 20:41
Translation from Russian into English: May 9, 2022 09:59.
Владимир Владимирович Залесский 'Краматорск и Крамской. Очерк географических и исторических ассоциаций'.
{ 2972. Краматорск и Крамской. Очерк географических и исторических ассоциаций.
MMCMXLII. Kramatorsk and Kramskoy. An essay on geographical and historical associations. }