A Hard Day's Night
September 1964
A United Artists Release
Walter Shenson-Subafilms Production
John Lennon
Paul McCartney
George Harrison
Ringo Starr
Wilfred Brambell
Norman Rossington
John Junkin
Victor Spinetti
Kenneth Haigh
Anna Quayle
Deryck Vernon
Richard Vernon
Michael Trubshawe
Eddie Malin
and
Bridget Armstrong
Roger Avon
Lionel Blair
John Bluthal
Patti Boyd
John
Paul
George
Ringo
Grandfather
Norm
Shake
Television Director
Shrit Advertising Man
Millie
Police Sergeant
Pompous Traveller
Club Manager
Waiter
Director
Production Company
Producer
Associate Producer
Assistant Director
Scriptwriter
Photography
Editor
Act Director
Songs
Music Director
Costumes
Titles
Sound Recording
Length
Running Time
UK Premiere
US Premiere
Richard Lester
Proscenium Films
Walter Shenson
Denis O'Bell
John D. Merriman
Alun Owen
Gilbert Taylor
John Jympson
Ray Simm
John Lennon and Paul McCartney
George Martin
Julie Harris
Robert Freeman
H.L. Bird
Stephen Dalby
7650 feet (2332 metres)
85 minutes
6 July, 1964
12 August, 1964
A Hard Day's Night, released in 1964, marked the Beatles debut on the silver screen. This film follows the Beatles through a day of early "Beatlemania" and their journey to do a televisoin performance. Along for the ride is Paul's (fictional) trouble making grandfather. Throughout the movie, the Beatles have to dodge screaming fans, avert the press, disobey their managers, and try to keep Paul's grandfather in check. The film ends with the fabs giving a wild television performance and moving on to the next show.
The British soundtrack album for A Hard Day's Night (pictured above, left), released July 10, 1964 on the Parlophone label consisted of the following 13 songs:
Side 1: A Hard Day's Night, I Should Have Known Better, If I Fell, I'm Happy Just To Dance With You, And I Love Her, Tell Me Why, Can't Buy Me Love
Side 2: Any Time At All, I'll Cry Instead, Things We Said Today, When I Get Home, You Can't Do That, I'll Be Back
The U.S. soundtrack album for A Hard Day's Night, was released by United Artists on June 26, 1964 and consists of the 9 songs performed by the Beatles in the film as well as the instrumental film score. The following is the track listing for the U.S. version of A Hard Day's Night:
Side 1: A Hard Day's Night, Tell Me Why, I'll Cry Instead, I Should Have Known Better (Instrumental), I'm Happy Just To Dance With You, And I Love Her (Instrumental)
Side 2: I Should Have Known Better, If I Fell, And I Love Her, Ringo's Theme - This Boy (Instrumental), Can't Buy Me Love, A Hard Day's Night (Instrumental)
When it opened in September, 1964, "A Hard Day's Night" was a problematic entry in a disreputable form, the rock 'n' roll musical. The Beatles were already a publicity phenomenon (70 million viewers watched them on "The Ed Sullivan Show"), but they were not yet cultural icons. Many critics attended the movie and prepared to condescend, but the movie could not be dismissed: It was so joyous and original that even the early reviews acknowledged it as something special. After more than three decades, it has not aged and is not dated; it stands outside its time, its genre and even rock. It is one of the great life-affirming landmarks of the movies.
In 1964, what we think of as "The '60s" had not yet really emerged from the embers of the 1950s. Perhaps this was the movie that sounded the first note of the new decade--the opening chord on George Harrison's new 12-string guitar. The film was so influential in its androgynous imagery that untold thousands of young men walked into the theater with short haircuts, and their hair started growing during the movie and didn't get cut again until the 1970s.
It was clear from the outset that "A Hard Day's Night" was in a different category from the rock musicals that had starred Elvis and his imitators. It was smart, it was irreverent, it didn't take itself seriously, and it was shot and edited by Richard Lester in an electrifying black-and-white, semi-documentary style that seemed to follow the boys during a day in their lives. And it was charged with the personalities of the Beatles, whose one-liners dismissed the very process of stardom they were undergoing. "Are you a mod or a rocker?" Ringo is asked at a press conference. "I'm a mocker," he says.
Musically, the Beatles represented a liberating breakthrough just when the original rock impetus from the 1950s was growing thin. The film is wall to wall with great songs, including "I Should Have Known Better," "Can't Buy Me Love," "I Wanna Be Your Man," "All My Loving," "Happy Just to Dance With You," "She Loves You," and others, including the title song, inspired by a remark dropped by Starr and written overnight by Lennon and McCartney.
The Beatles were obviously not housebroken. The American rock stars who preceded them had been trained by their managers; Presley dutifully answered interview questions like a good boy. The Beatles had a clone look--matching hair and clothes--but they belied it with the individuality of their dialogue, and there was no doubt which one was John, Paul, George and Ringo. The original version of Alun Owen's Oscar-nominated screenplay supplied them with short one-liners (in case they couldn't act), but they were naturals, and new material was written to exploit that. They were the real thing.
The most powerful quality evoked by "A Hard Day's Night" is liberation. The long hair was just the superficial sign of that. An underlying theme is the difficulty establishment types have in getting the Beatles to follow orders. (For "establishment," read uptight conventional middle-class 1950s values.) Although their manager (Norman Rossington) tries to control them and their TV director (Victor Spinetti) goes berserk because of their improvisations during a live TV broadcast, they act according to the way they feel.
When Ringo grows thoughtful, he wanders away from the studio, and a recording session has to wait until he returns. When the boys are freed from their "job," they run like children in an open field, and it is possible that scene (during "Can't Buy Me Love") snowballed into all the love-ins, be-ins and happenings in the park of the later '60s. The notion of doing your own thing lurks within every scene. When a film is strikingly original, its influence shapes so many others that you sometimes can't see the newness in the first one. Godard's jump cuts in "Breathless" (1960) turned up in every TV ad. Truffaut's freeze frame at the end of "The 400 Blows" (1959) became a cliche. Richard Lester's innovations in "A Hard Day's Night" have become familiar; because the style, the subject and the stars are so suited to one another, the movie hasn't become dated. It's filled with the exhilaration of four musicians who were having fun and creating at the top of their form and knew it.
Movies were tamer in 1964. Big Hollywood productions used crews of 100 people and Mitchell cameras the size of motorcycles. Directors used the traditional grammar of master shot, alternating closeups, insert shots, re-establishing shots, dissolves and fades. Actors were placed in careful compositions. But the cat was already out of the bag; directors like John Cassavetes had started making movies that played like dramas but looked like documentaries. They used light 16mm cameras, hand-held shots, messy compositions that looked like they might have been snatched during moments of real life.
That was the tradition Lester drew on. In 1959, he directed "The Running, Jumping and Standing Still Film," starring Peter Sellers and Spike Mulligan, among others: It was hand-held, anarchic, goofy and contains the same spirit that infects "A Hard Day's Night." Lester had shot documentaries and TV commercials, could work quick and dirty, and knew he had to, because his budget was $500,000 for "A Hard Day's Night."
In his opening sequence, which shows the Beatles mobbed at a station as they try to board a train, Lester achieves an incredible energy level: We feel the hysteria of the fans and the excitement of the Beatles, intercut with the title song (the first time movie titles had done that), implying that the songs and the adulation were sides of the same coin. Other scenes borrow the same documentary look; a lot feels improvised, although only a few scenes actually were.
Lester did not invent the techniques used in "A Hard Day's Night," but he brought them together into a grammar so persuasive that he influenced many other films. Today when we watch TV and see quick cutting, hand-held cameras, interviews conducted on the run with moving targets, quickly intercut snatches of dialogue, music under documentary action and all the other trademarks of the modern style, we are looking at the children of "A Hard Day's Night."
The film is so tightly cut, there's hardly a down moment, but even with so many riches, it's easy to pick the best scene: The concert footage as the Beatles sing "She Loves You." This is one of the most sustained orgasmic sequences in the movies. As the Beatles perform, Lester shows them clearly having a lot of fun--grinning as they sing--and then intercuts them with quick shots of the audience, mostly girls, who scream without pause for the entire length of the song, cry, jump up and down, call out the names of their favorites, and create a frenzy so passionate that it still, after all these years, has the power to excite. (My favorite audience member is the tearful young blond, beside herself with ecstasy, tears running down her cheeks, crying out "George!")
The innocence of the Beatles and "A Hard Day's Night" was of course not to last. Ahead was the crushing pressure of being the most popular musical group of all time, and the dalliance with the mystic east, and the breakup, and the druggy fallout from the '60s, and the death of John Lennon. The Beatles would go through a long summer, a disillusioned fall, a tragic winter. But, oh, what a lovely springtime. And it's all in a movie.
Roger Ebert, Chicago Sun-Times
Improvised dialog is indicated in parentheses.
Cut action or dialog is indicated with square brackets.
EXTERIOR, STREETS OUTSIDE RAILWAY TERMINAL, DAY
Song: "A Hard Day's Night"
The film opens with crowds of girls, shot in a sequence of CLOSEUPS,
chasing after GEORGE, JOHN and RINGO. The BOYS hare off just ahead of
them. They take a turn down a back alley way and the crowd of screaming
girls are after them.
EXTERIOR, TERMINAL
They rush on through the narrow cobbled passageway and into the main
station [quickly show their tickets at the barrier for the London train].
(We see various bits of byplay: Paul, in a false beard, and an old man
hide behind newspapers on a bench; George, John and Ringo vault a barrier
and hide in a photo booth.) Finally they all get onto the platform as
hordes of yelling and screaming girls reach the closed gates.
EXTERIOR, TERMINAL PLATFORM
[We see the fans rushing to the few platform ticket machines, and endless
pennies being dropped and tickets torn out in their haste to get onto the
platform to see the BOYS.]
[NORM has been waiting for the BOYS and he hurries them to where all
their baggage, instruments and the drums are waiting, piled up to be put
into the guards' van. The BOYS turn and see the oncoming stream of girls
pushing through the bar riers and descending on them with yells and
shouts. They grab their instruments, RINGO makes for the drums. NORM
plugs into a handy transformer and using their instruments like a gun
volley to stop the onrush of females, the BOYS blast fire into a number
and start to sing. This stops the girls in their tracks and they settle
down on whatever they can to listen to them playing.]
[As the BOYS are playing, we CUT BACK to the crowds. In the centre we see
PAUL struggling and pulling to fight his way through the girls to join
the other BOYS. He is dragging a very reluctant old man behind him. The
old man seems most disgruntled and we can see by his gestures how
unwilling he is to be pulled and pushed forward through all the girls.]
[At last PAUL reaches the other BOYS. He sits the old man down on a pile
of cases and joins in the number to the squeals of delight from the fans.
The old man sits aloof and proud, ignoring the whole proceedings. JOHN,
GEORGE and RINGO look enquiringly at PAUL who gives a non-committal shrug
of the shoulders as if to say "it's not my fault" and the number
proceeds.]
[SHOT of sudden horror on JOHN's face; PAUL follows his eyeline only to
see the old man has doffed his cap and is busily collecting money from a
disconcerted crowd. PAUL dives hastily into the crowd, and with suitable
apologies extracts the old man, and with a long suffering sigh, drags him
back to the group. GEORGE and PAUL hold him firmly as they finish the
number, the old man standing there between them.]
[As the number finishes and the girls scream and shout with delight, the
guard blows his whistle. NORM and SHAKE grab the instruments and the
drums, and with the rest pile the lot into the guards' van.] The BOYS
head into their reserved compartment pursued by the fans but the train
moves off. They have successfully repelled all extra boarders.
[The BOYS stand and wave to the fans until out of sight line... ] the
girls running along to the end of the platform waving and calling out.
INTERIOR, RESERVED TRAIN COMPARTMENT
The BOYS relax, sitting down on one side of the compartment. They are
about to settle down and make themselves at home when first GEORGE nudges
RINGO who in turn nudges JOHN. Opposite them is sitting the LITTLE OLD
MAN. He is holding himself stiff, erect and very aloof.
The three BOYS look at him enquiringly, but with an elaborate sniff, he
looks away from them and out the window.
PAUL catches his eye and winks at the LITTLE OLD MAN. He winks back at
PAUL, scowls at the other three then looks firmly out of the window
again. The BOYS turn on PAUL [crowding around him].
JOHN: Eh... pardon me for asking, but who's that little old man?
PAUL: What little old man?
JOHN: (pointing) That little old man.
PAUL: Oh, that one. That's me grandfather.
(GEORGE: Your grandfather?)
(PAUL: Yeah.)
GEORGE: That's not your grandfather.
PAUL: It is, y'know.
GEORGE: But I've seen your grandfather. He lives in your house.
PAUL: Oh, that's me other grandfather, but he's my grandfather as well.
JOHN: How d'you reckon that one out?
PAUL: Well... everyone's entitled to two, aren't they, and this one's
me other one.
JOHN: (long suffering) Well, we know that but what's he doing here?
PAUL: Well, me mother said the trip u'd do him good.
RINGO: How's that?
PAUL: Oh... he's nursing a broken heart.
The lads all look intently at the GRANDFATHER.
JOHN: Aah... the poor old thing. He leans across to GRANDFATHER.
JOHN: Eh, Mister, are you nursing a broken heart, then?
The GRANDFATHER glares at him, in a way that indicates yes.
JOHN: (To Paul) He's a nice old man, isn't he?
PAUL: He's very clean.
They all agree with Paul.
[PAUL: (whispering) You see, he was going to get married but she threw
him over for a butcher.]
[GEORGE: A butcher?]
[PAUL: Yeah, she was fickle.]
[JOHN: Aye and fond of fresh meat and all.]
[PAUL: (seriously) No... it was his sweetbreads. She was dead kinky
for sweetbreads. Anyroad, me mother thought it'ud give him a change of
scenery, like.]
[JOHN: Oh, I see.]
John has been examining GRANDFATHER. He now leans forward to him (and
crosses to sit beside him).
JOHN: (in a friendly voice) Hello, grandfather!
GRANDFATHER: Hello.
JOHN: (delightedly) He can talk then, (can he?)
PAUL: (indignantly) Course he can talk. He's a human being, like. Isn't
he?
RINGO: (grinning) Well... if he's your grandfather, who knows?
The lads all laugh.
JOHN: And we're looking after him, are we?
GRANDFATHER: I'll look after meself.
PAUL: (standing up) Aye, that's what I'm afraid of!
JOHN: He's got you worried, then?
(PAUL: (combing hair) He's a villain, and a real mixer and he costs you a
fortune in breach of promise cases.)
GEORGE: (disbelieving) Gerron.
PAUL: No, straight up.
[GRANDFATHER: The lad's given you the simple truth. I'm cursed wid
irresistible charm, I'm too attractive to be let loose.]
At this moment, SHAKE, a tall man who works with the BOYS, pulls open the
door of the compartment.
(SHAKE: Hi, yer.)
BOYS: Hi, Shake.
SHAKE: You got on alright then?
(JOHN: No.)
SHAKE: We're here. Norm'll be along in a mo' with the tickets.
He sees GRANDFATHER.
SHAKE: [Morning!] (whispers)Who's that little old man?
GEORGE: It's Paul's grandfather.
SHAKE: Oh aye, but I thought...
JOHN: (cutting in) No, that's his other one.
SHAKE: That's alright then.
JOHN: (displaying Grandfather) Clean though, isn't he?
SHAKE: Oh yes, he's very clean.
NORM the road manager appears behind SHAKE.
NORM: Morning, lads.
BOYS: Morning... Hi, Norm.
NORM: (checking them quickly) Well, thank God you're all here. Now,
listen, I've had this marvellous idea... now just for a change, let's
all behave like ordinary responsible citizens. Let's not cause any
trouble, pull any strokes or do anything I'm going to be sorry for,
especially to- morrow at the television theatre, because...
He looks sharply at JOHN who is [polishing his nails.] (sniffing a
bottle of Coke). Are you listening to me, Lennon?
JOHN: (off-hand) You're a swine, isn't he George?
GEORGE: (disinterested) Yeah... a swine.
NORM: (just as indifferent) Thanks. He sees the GRANDFATHER.
NORM: Eh...
BOYS IN CHORUS: ...Who's that little old man?
NORM: Well, who is he?
RINGO: He belongs to Paul.