Пряхин Андрей Александрович : другие произведения.

Из-за острова на стрежень From behind an isle to midstream

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Школа кожевенного мастерства: сумки, ремни своими руками
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    `From behind an isle to midstream` ("Из-за острова на стрежень", именно что на стрежень или стяжень, а не стержень, ибо это уже была бы порнография) has been a well-known Russian folk song since the 90s of the 19 c. and has been popular in Russia so far. It is based on the much longer poem by Dmitry Nikolayevich Sadovnikov (Дмитрий Николаевич Садовников) (1847-1883), but has got several variants though not the dramatically varying ones. The author of music remains unknown. The characters of a famous Russian animation cartoon `The magical ring` ("Волшебное кольцо") merrily sing `From behind an isle to midstream` while rowing along the river. Their repertory just stresses their folkish tastes and Russian roots https://youtu.be/Ix6FgWhGFmU `From behind an isle to midstream` was being performed by Feodor (Theodore) Shalyapin https://youtu.be/BbJ4QsXMJy4 by Georgy Vinogradov and Maxim Mikhailov https://youtu.be/0iZcsESVh-o by Polish singer Anna German (in her perfect Russian) https://youtu.be/IPqeCfRQ4pQ by Choir of the Russian Orthodox Church Monastery `Opta`s Desert` ("Оптина пустынь"))(soloist Vladimir Miller) https://youtu.be/tWSAbV5EfN0 And here you are the `Lentement le longs des îles`, a famous French vocal interpretation of the famous Russian traditional song by Charles Aznavour https://youtu.be/10b7f_XKZWE

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Русская народная песня
ИЗ-ЗА ОСТРОВА НА СТРЕЖЕНЬ ♪
Из-за острова на стрежень
На простор речной волны
Выплывают расписные
Острогрудые челны.

На переднем Стенька Разин,
Обнявшись, сидит с княжной,
Свадьбу новую справляет
Он, весёлый и хмельной.

Позади их слышен ропот:
"Нас на бабу променял,
Только ночь с ней провожжался,
Сам наутро бабой стал".

Этот ропот и насмешки
Слышит грозный атаман
И могучею рукою
Обнял персиянки стан.

- Ничего не пожалею,
Буйну голову отдам! -
Раздаётся голос властный
По окрестным берегам.

А она, потупя очи,
Не жива и не мертва,
Молча слушает хмельные
Атамановы слова.

Чтобы не было раздора
Между вольными людьми,
Волга, Волга, мать родная,
На, красавицу прими!"

Мощным взмахом поднимает
Он красавицу-княжну
И за борт её бросает
В набежавшую волну.

Из-за острова на стрежень,
На простор речной волны
Выплывают расписные,
Острогрудые челны.

Russian raditional song
FROM BEHIND AN ISLE TO MIDSTREAM ♪
From behind an isle to midstream
In the open of river waves
There sail out the ornamented
Cossack boats with raked stems.

Aboard the first there sits Steve Razin
With his arm round the Persian`s waist,
Сelebrating his new wedding.
He`s a drunk and merry man.

But behind him there`s the murmur:
`He has changed us for the dame,
They spent just one night together,
At daybreak he"s a dame himself`.

All the murmur, taunts and sneers
Are heard by the Cossack chief.
His strong hand keeps gently resting
On the Persian beauty"s hips.

`I"ll give all! I"ll stay with nothing,
Madcap, I"ll give all for friends!`
The imperious voice of Razin
Is heard o`er the river banks.

But the Princess, struck with horror,
Dropped her eyes, alas, in vain.
Keeping silence, she just listens
To the master of her fate.

`To breed not strife of the free men,
Mother Volga shall get all!
Mother Volga, take the present
From a Cossack of the Don!`

At one stroke he lifted suddenly
The Royal belle and spouse of his,
Overboard he threw her sharply,
Into the Volga waters deep.

From behind an isle to midstream
In the open of river waves
There sail out the ornamented
Cossack boats with raked stems.


The song illustrates one of the legends related to the famous Russian Cossack chieftain, rebel, highwayman and pirate Stenka Razin (Stepan
Timofeyevitch Razin) who almost destroyed the Romanov House in the 17th century and was executed in Moscow after he`d been betrayed by his
cronies. His gang was robbing cities on the Volga river in Russia, from Simbirsk to Astrakhan, and the Persian ones in the Caspian Sea.

Razin (495x550, 117Kb)
Sten`ka Razin on a contemporary English engraving

Stenka spoke in eight languages, including Farsi. During his forays Stenka sometimes captured daughters of the local Royal families, but historians
doubt that he could throw them into the rivers. At the least in a list of his crimes formed during the meticulous investigation of his criminal and antistate
activities there wasn`t registered a single episode of sacrificing girls. The dissertation on Steve Razin `Stephanus Razin Donicus Cosacus perduellis
(Wittenberg, Germany, 1674)` by I.A. Martius doesn`t also contain the facts of that kind. So it`s sooner a pure fancy, fiction rather than the truthful
description. Still the poem and song reflect some ambiguous features of madcap Stenka`s unpredictable temper as a folkloric character. Those features
may not have anything to do with the real person, a historical figure. But the art has right to be not exact or sticking to the facts and documents.

459px-Raz_Hamburg (459x600, 206Kb)
Steve Razin`s portrait in a Hamburg newspaper of 1670

After poets Pushkin and Sadovnikov the legend about Stenka Razin gave birth to many art works. In the first decade of the 20th c. it formed the plot for
the first Russian feature film `Ponizovaya volnitsa` ("Понизовая вольница")(`The Lower Volga Freemen`). The French copy of the first Russian feature
film known as 'Legende de Stenka Razine' (`Legend about Sten`ka Razin`) in France preserved in quite a good state https://youtu.be/oCJjXOC_I8c
The song was literally dramatized in the eight minute film directed by Vladimir Romashkov in 1908 (see its poster above).
The titles on screen of the above video clip illustrating Shalyapin`s singing tell the viewers that companions of Razin conspired to make Steve Razin kill the
Persian princess he had married since they were afraid of being destroyed by the Tsar`s Army if Razin is submerged into his passion to his Royal odalisque.
They knew that Steve Razin was a fool all right after having drunk too much wine and so could be influenced in the necessary direction.
Besides, they awoke devils of jealosy in his soul, Razin made Princess tell the truth about her former love in Persia. She denied everything, yet in her private
letter (you can see its lines on screen) she was complaining to her Persian love Hassan (Gasan in the Old Russian pronunciation) of being unhappy in Russa
due to inclination of the Russian towards the frequent revelry and debauch.

2019-04-26_004135 (700x292, 161Kb)

One time Razin was about to stop robbing and remain in Persia forever. He even planned to ask the Shakhanshakh of that mercy. (ГЛИ-КО! В НАТУРЕ СТЕНЬКА
РАЗИН! Danced by Shahrokh Moshkin Qalam (Nov. 2014, Ebell Theater) کنسرت حامد نیک‌ پی‌ و شاهرخ مشکین قلم https://youtu.be/kTlw86qwopk) But then he changed up
his mind under an influence of alcohol and lechery. On the other hand, he captured a lot of Persians and kept them as hostages to exchange them for the freedom of the
Christian slaves. The Cossacks gave one Muslim for 3-4 Christians. That made the Russian think that Steve Razin had been a kind of a noble highwayman (like
Robin Hood in England). In spring 1669 the Cossacks who were cruising the Caspian sea aboard the Viking-type boats in different directions at last disemarked in
Turkmenistan where they were attacked by the Persian army of 4,000 men led by one of Princes of Persia. They lost many commanders, yet managed to defeat
Persians and captured son and daughter of the Prince of Persia. The daughter became Razin`s Royal odalisque. Paradoxically, but she fell in love with him at first
sight and followed him eveywhere. Razin took her Persian sweetheart to Russia. By that time he had become his spouse, and they even had got a child. Further Stenka
decided to become the Czar of Russia to make Russia a free country of the social justice, but was defeated by the Russian Royal troops. What`s interesting, people
from Europe served both in the Razin`s and Czar`s troops. As to the Persian Princess, she vanished in the haze of history as a Russian archetypal, but volatile image of
Czarine (Queen or Maid) of Shemakha (Шемаханская царица (девица)), for the first time expressed in the Katenin`s, Pushkin`s and Yershov`s literary fairy-tales of the
early 19 c. ( It`s an ideal image of a irresistible and fascinating Oriental beauty, of a living charm of the Middle East, kinda Goethe`s Ewig-Weibliche).

Russian motion picture `Stepan Razin` (1939). Watch 30:50-39:48 Razin - Andrei Abrikosov, Princess of Persia - Nina Zorskaya
https://youtu.be/-5Cr6SSYfQs

Razin: `You`re a songbird! But what are you singing about? Who knows! Why do you cry, my songbird? Do you want me to
release you, do you want to go home? Would you like to fly away home? Ah-h! You don`t understand what is being said in our
language. Try to comprehend, do! Then I`ll unloose you, you`ll go home`.
A companion: `Why to release her, Steve. You`d better present her to me. I like her. Gimme her as a present! If you free her,
she`ll be lost, if you keep her, she`ll stab you at night!
Razin (to the Princess): Take your dagger! Take it back!
A companion: Folks keep grumble about the girl! They say you`ve changed them for that dame!
Razin: Stop it! She`s my only consolation, she comforts my anguish! Only her songs and wine are able to cure me of my
melancholy! Better drink with me! I feel depressed, I am all in a twit.
A companion: What do you need?
Razin: We`ve made our Persian cruise in search for the Truth. But where is the Truth, there`s no Truth either in Russia or abroad.
Everything was in vain, a falcon pecks a raven, the rich suppress the poor! When I am back, I`ll cross all Russia with fire
and sword to find out the Truth!
A companion: Steve, you won`t give us peace and rest! I`ve found my own truth! It`s gold! I`ve got pearls and diamonds out of
number! Gimme your girl! I would take her home, I would sit in a cirlce of the top Cossacks and boast of my wife, the very
Queen of Shemakha! (Queen, or Maiden of Shemakha is a Russian folkloric definition of the Oriental (Persian, Arabic, Turkish,
Indian) beauty of the noble, especially Royal origin).
The other companion: No, no, no! I object it! Who captured her in the battle? Me!
The first companion: Who you! Not even a Cossack, just a peasant!
The third companion: I wouldn't say no to the girl like this either!
The fourth companion: Step aside!
Razin (to him): Are you crazy? Since when have you been using your sword in such a wrong way? Peter, take away his sword!
Peter (by his appearance a Ukranian Zaporozhye region`s Cossack): Devlish girl, she caused old friends to quarrel, not only me,
him and him and him.
Razin: Call all Cossack skippers! I announce Cossack assembly! We have to solve together the question of the Princess, to whom
she is to belong.
(All are gathering and greeting one another on the upper deck of the flagship)
All: Look, the Princess! None would lose an opportunity to marry her!
Peter (to Steve): Do you see the cliff on the Volga over there? Skippers, attention! Cossack Assembly!
(All are sitting down)
Razin: Due to the Persian female captive there flared up an argument, my skippers! All had their eyes on my Queen of Shemakha,
especially you, Feodor, you were the first.
A skipper: In the past none dared to infringe on chieftain`s property!
Another skipper: Our Feodor has never had enough! (after that he remembers all Feodor`s sins)
Razin: As far as I have understand, you all agree that the princess should belong to me.
All: There`s no other opinion! She`s yours!
Razin: Let`s better ask the very Princess! Do you love me, my songbird?
Princess (unexpectedly in pure Russian): Yes, I do!
Razin: What`s the final decision of the assembly?
The Assembly (in chorus): She`s yours! Love her! It`s your love!
Razin: As to me, my first love is the Volga river. Hail to thee, my mother Volga! You gave me all, my love of freedom, love of people,
but I haven`t ever shown my gratitude to you, I haven`t returned my kindness yet! To avoid discord among my Cossacks, do me a
favour and accept my gift!

PERSIA IN THE EUROPEAN ART. THE CORSAIRS AND ODALISQUES
`The Persian Dance` danced by Maria Volkova https://youtu.be/1IjGSkYunBI
Le Corsaire (by Adolphe Adam), 1st Odalisque (Bolshoy Theatre) https://youtu.be/-VP3Mk8-SVw
Le Corsaire (by Adolphe Adam), 2nd Odalisque (Bolshoy Theatre) https://youtu.be/s0vPFawwLY8
Le Corsaire (by Adolphe Adam), 3nd Odalisque (2012) (Bolshoy Theatre) https://youtu.be/r9PEaMIpYZw
Le Corsaire by Adolphe Adam (2012) - Pas de trois des odalisques (Bolshoy Theatre) https://youtu.be/qS_dwQOEk8g
Faroukh Ruzimatov & Sophia Gumerova `Shekherezade` https://youtu.be/a9oBdObRS_U
Faroukh Ruzimatov in the ballet "The Moor`s Pavane" https://youtu.be/fuEQXMM0v_I
Faroukh Ruzimatov Rehearsal of the Bolero https://youtu.be/IIwWOygRcIs
Ivan Vasiliyev and Faroukh Ruzimatov https://youtu.be/A5PAd3c8sJw
Faroukh Ruzimatov `Bolero` The Kremlin Palace February 13, 2019 https://youtu.be/vgpKHi3_8nI
A fragment of rehearsal of the Corsair staged by Faroukhy Ruzimatov https://youtu.be/1oxNFT48-FQ
Faroukh Ruzimato - The Venetian Moor https://youtu.be/dQkQqusu38U
Shostakovich Dmitry. Vocal Symphonic Poem - `The Execution of Stepan Razin`, Op. 119 https://youtu.be/_oOk15PI6aA
Rubinstein Anton. Persian Love Song, Op. 34 No. 9 (rec. 1931) Sung by Feodor Chaliapin https://youtu.be/SX_h6bAxpXQ
Glazunov Alexander. Symphonic Poem for Orchestra `Stenka Razin`, Op. 13, (1885). Conducted by Wilhelm Furtwangler,
Vienna Philharmonic https://youtu.be/YGxX8yen5kk

A MIGRANT MELODY اهنگی زیبا Beautiful melody!
An amazing thing, but if to trust the Russian legends the Ghost of Stenka Razin once appeared before a traveller and pronounced: `I`m Sten`ka Razin, the greatest
sinner, I`ll have to suffer from my sins for 70 years more. Tell people, the Russian and the German, they ought to live in peace with one another` (`Стенька
Разин я, великий грешник. Я должен страдать ещё 70 лет. Скажи всем людям, русским и немцам, пусть живут в мире`). No less amazing is that the melody
of the `From behind an isle to midstream` was or became famous in countries rather far from the Volga region and Russia. Those countries are the Netherlands and
Germany. In the Netherlands the melody of the Russian traditional song was famous as a canticle, a church`s hymn `Vol verwachting blijf ik uitzien`. The new text
was written by Johann de Heer https://youtu.be/a0V-klIEyFM
Taking into account that the author of music of the song is unknown there cannot be excluded that it was a Wolga German or the lyrics were set to a German
traditional melody. Music and lyrics exchanges between Russia and Germany were not rare in the 19th century, and they were always highly fruitful. There`s but one
letter `P` between `Russian` and `Prussian`, and the fact the Russian always beat the Prussian doesn`t change anything in that respect. By the way, a famous song of
the WW2 German paratroopers `Abgeschmiert aus hundert Metern` https://youtu.be/EkOj_Zg_RLU has been sung so far to the tune of the `From behind an isle
to midstream`.

ABGESCHMIERT AUS 100 METERN ♪
Abgeschmiert aus hundert Metern,
Aus der alten Tante Ju,
Mit geschlossenem Schirm zur Erde,
Find' ein Fallschirmjäger seine Ruh'

Kameraden steh'n im Kreise,
Schauen sich das Unglück an.
Jeder denkt auf seine Weise:
Morgen bist Du vielleicht selber dran.

Seine Knochen sind gebrochen
Und der Schirm liegt obendrauf.
Kommt der Sani angekrochen
Sammelt seine Überreste auf

In dem Himmel angekommen
Steht der Petrus vor der Tür
Bist Du auch so ein grüner Teufel
Kehrt! marsch marsch, wir haben Angst vor Dir!

In der Hölle angkommen
Steht der Teufel vor der Tür:
Bist du auch ein grüner Teufel?
Kehrt, Marsch Marsch! Hab Angst vor dir.

In Walhalla angekommen
Steht Gott Odin vor der Tür:
Bist du auch ein Fallschirmjäger,
Komm herein, wir haben Frauen und Bier.
(Var.: Nur herein 's sind alle hier).

HAVING FALLEN FROM 100 METRES ♪
Having fallen from hundred metres
From the old good auntie `Ju`,
With the canopy released not,
A poor paras said `Adieu!`

Fellows of his formed a circle.
Viewing what has been remained.
Everyone thinks that tomorrow
He might suffer the same fate.

They see all his bones are broken,
Though his canopy`s above.
Stretcher-bearers, here they are!
His remains shall be picked up.

When he found himself in heaven
It was Peter who stood there,
`Are you also a green devil?
About turn! Quick march, don`t scare!`

When he reached down below
The very Satan stopped his way!
`Are you also a green devil?
About turn! We are afraid!`

When he got right to Valhalla
He saw Odin at the gate,
`Are you also a green fella?
Have your beer and cute dames!`(or: a dame)
(Var.:We are all assembled and wait!`)


The melody of the Russian song gave birth to the Australian pop song of the 60s - `The Carnival is Over`. The lyrics of `The Carnival is Over` (1965) were written by
Tom Springfield after a trip to Brazil, where he witnessed the Carnival in Rio. The song became the third consecutive #1 UK single, topping the UK Singles Chart for
three weeks. The single also reached #1 in Australia. In the U.S., the single peaked just outside of the Billboard Hot 100. https://youtu.be/nze8B39OB0k

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