Lem Andrew. Part 1.Perpetual jet engine

Road in space. PART 1. Perpetual jet engine READ ALL PART

Part 1.Perpetual jet engine.

Andriy Lemeshko

Introduction.

It has long been known that the Sun emits not only photons, but also the "solar wind" - a stream of ionized particles (mainly helium-hydrogen plasma) flowing from the solar corona at a speed of 300-1200 km / s into the surrounding space. It is one of the main components of the interplanetary medium. Every second our Sun in the form of radiation loses 4.26 million tons of matter, but this value is negligible compared to the mass of the Sun - 2x1027 tons. It is this substance that is proposed to be used in a special way for interplanetary flights.

The concepts of 'solar wind' (a stream of ionized particles flying from the Sun to the Earth in 2-3 days) and 'sunshine' (a stream of photons flying from the Sun to the Earth in an average of 8 minutes 17 seconds) should not be confused[1]). In particular, it is the effect of sunlight pressure (and not wind) that is used in the projects of the so-called solar sails. An engine for a spacecraft that uses the impulse of solar wind ions as a thrust source and is offered for consideration by the reader and this is not an "electric sail" or E - sail, the design and operation of which are described in detail in open sources. The design of the E-sail only prompted the idea to use the solar wind, but in a proton rocket engine.

Proton jet engine.

In fact, outwardly, a proton jet engine will look very similar to an electronic sail, "but only externally.

In fact, it consists of three main parts:

1. Solar panels

2. Proton (gas) storage tank

3. Electric rocket engine (MGD engine)

4. Magnetic traps for protons (gas)

Solar panels naturally generate electricity. Magnetic arrow-shaped magnetic traps capture protons from the solar wind and transport them to the gas tank. And the Electro rocket engine (Mgd-engine) accelerates the particles previously caught and stored in the gas tank, creating jet thrust and setting the spacecraft in motion.

Proton (gas) storage tank.

A 'torus-shaped' 'magnetic trap' can be taken as the basis for a space gas station tank.

It is in this tank that the protons caught by magnetic traps fall. From this tank, gas subsequently enters the Electric Rocket Engine (MGD engine).

MHD - engine.

The operating principle of the MHD accelerator is described in detail in the scientific literature. In fact, structurally, this is an MHD generator. In which electric current is applied to the plates. But in the MHD generator, on the contrary, the current is removed from the plates.

The "flux of protons" or particles of the solar wind enter the MHD - accelerator rotating in a spiral around the magnetic field lines of the plasma trap. And they accelerate in the working area of the MHD engine. But it also has a significant drawback - the weight of the magnets makes up the bulk of the mass of the entire device. Correct this nuance with the help of ferromagnetic materials. They will replace the magnets with coils that will simultaneously act as a motor and a magnet. This significantly reduces the weight of the device and allows the development to be used in mass production.

Trap for protons.

If the device of the MHD engine and the tank for the working fluid (gas) is extremely clear to many of our contemporary. So the device and operation of the Magnetic Proton Trap should be described separately.
Based on the earth's magnetic field, which is a natural trap for solar wind particles.

It is possible and necessary to create a similar natural solar trap or "Magnetic proton trap". Consisting of a magnetic field generator. And in the magnetic field itself there is a "Magnetic plug" that does not release protons and an "exhaust manifold" through which the protons leave the magnetic field of the trap.

In fact, the trap is an Arrow with a winding wound around it, which, when an electric current is connected to it, creates a constant magnetic field with a spatially variable density. But here it is necessary to explain how and why exactly such a field will trap protons and transport the trapped particles to the magnetic tank.

The principle of operation of a magnetic trap

Particles of plasma or solar wind, when interacting with a magnetic field, naturally rotate in a spiral around the lines of force of the magnetic field that creates a magnetic coil.

Why this happens is also described in detail in the popular science literature. All particles of the solar wind with kinetic or thermal energy will actually be captured by the magnetic field of the current coil.

Proton transport.

And then the captured particles must enter the MHD accelerator where they are accelerated by an electric current. What will cause this movement of trapped particles towards the tank-torus? Protons remain diamagnetic, and therefore protons are able to move under the action of a diamagnetic force from a region of space with a strong magnetic density to a region where the magnetic field is less dense.

Protons entering the magnetic field begin to drift towards the particle accumulator or magnetic torus. The diamagnetic force actually pushes the protons out of the zone of the denser magnetic field into the less dense zone of the magnetic field.

On the creation of diamagnetic force.

How in practice to get the difference in magnetic field density in this case between the positive and negative poles? So that the diamagnetic force would always shift the captured protons towards one of the poles. How to create a reduced magnetic field density in the region of one of the poles? This configuration of the magnetic field near the trap is achieved in three ways:

1.Different winding diameter of the trap coil.

2. Different winding pitch at the trap coil.

3. Different diameter of the wire from which the coil is wound.

Now, understanding how a magnetic trap is arranged and works, it is possible to draw a diagram of the fundamental operation of a space propulsion system.

The principle of operation of a proton rocket engine.

Magnetic traps capture the solar wind and redirect it to a tank with a magnetic field. Further, gas or plasma particles are sent from the tank to the MHD engine, where they are accelerated.

It is also possible to propose a special system for "pumping" gas into the working accelerating chamber of an electric rocket engine. Since initially the speed of protons and particles of the solar wind is very high, when they get into the chamber tank, they circulate in this torus-tank for a long time. Until they lose their kinetic energy, and given that excited accelerated particles constantly enter the tank, then there will always be drift in the tank around magnetic field lines or "toroidal drift". This means that by placing control magnets perpendicular to the annular flow, we will be able to direct the flow of protons circulating in the trap to the Magnetodynamic engine. Simply by deflecting the protons using the magnetic field of the control magnets.

In the figure, for clarity, a part of the tank-torus with an MHD engine is taken out separately.
Particles drift in a tanker or tank around the ring. When the control magnets are turned on, the flow immediately deviates towards the main MHD engine or engines. Or they are diverted to the channel leading to the ship docked for refueling.
You can take any of the existing electric rocket engines for spacecraft. It is better, of course, to use the simplest, and therefore reliable "MHD engine", this particular engine may well accelerate the re-captured protons.

Literature.

1.http://edu.tltsu.ru/er/book_view.php?book_id=14de&page_id=12064-2.https://kipmu.ru/solnechnyj-veter/

3.https://habr.com/ru/company/ruvds/blog/690056/

4.http://knowledge.su/g/geomagnitnaya-lovushka

5.https://club.dns-shop.ru/digest/67510-rossiiskie-uchenyie-izobreli-unikalnyii-elektrodvigatel-dlya-kosmi/

6.https://ru.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%BE%D0%BB%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%87%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80

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Part 1.Perpetual jet engine