Lem Andrew. Orbital dirigible

A WORD ABOUT SKYSHIP Chapter 3. Engines interact with an external magnetic field. Download Books

Orbital dirigible

Andriy Lemeshko

Introduction

The belief, that it is necessary to accelerate an object to escape velocity [v2 - parabolic speed, escape velocity] for walking to space, has been known for a long time and has even become a clichИ. Having reached V2, a flying vehicle can overcome gravitational influence of a celestial body and escape to infinity [1]. Otherwise, simply enter Earth orbit reaching orbital velocity (V1) and then escape velocity. Is this the only way? Is it possible to reach Earth's orbit or orbiting, for example, with subsonic velocity? This article refers to the machine which is possible to put into practice this idea.

Prop. I suppose and I believe that walking to space without reaching cosmic velocity is possible and every physicist can confirm this. But on one condition! And the condition is a PROP. A flying vehicle must base upon something. Thus, an airplane is based upon the air, however there is no prop for them outside the atmosphere. What can replace the "air"?

As it happens, anyhow there is some prop outside the atmosphere. And the nature uses it particularly for protection of all life on Earth. And this "prop" is Natural Earth's magnetic field.

From left to right and top down:

Impact wave

Magnetotail

Solar wind

Magnetopause

Flowing around the magnetosphere of Earth with solar wind [2]Thus, Lorentz force begins to affect upon charged particles of the solar wind, intruding into the Earth's magnetic field, extracts them from the Earth's magnetic field and the particles, while moving, as if flow around the Earth's magnetic field. The magnetic field becomes a sort of prop for the particles.

Electrical "wings". So, if airplanes' wings are turned to charged particles carrier and equipped it with rocket engines even relatively low power, the airplanes will be able to fly outside the atmosphere. And the Earth's magnetic field will be the prop. However, flying vehicles must move only perpendicular to magnetic field lines of Earth, because Lorentz force arises only when charged particles go perpendicular to magnetic field lines [3]. The flying vehicle like this is better to call magnetoplan, but not an airplane. With a knowledge of the magnetosphere's size, it is easy to calculate the maximum height at which the flying vehicle can rise. Hence, the magnetosphere has a complex form. Distance to its (magnetosphere's) boundary varies, depending on the intensity of the solar wind, from the side facing the Sun and constitutes to around 70000 km (10-12 Earth's radius Re, where Re is 6371 km, (the distance is measured from the center of Earth). The magnetosphere's boundary - magnetopause - from the downsun has the shape of shell and at rough estimates is located at a distance of around 15 Re. The magnetosphere from the dark side stretches like a long cylindrical tail (magnetotail), the radius of which is about 20-25 Re. The tail runs to a considerable distance, far beyond that of 200 Re. And where is the place of its end we do not know. In other words, the minimal flight altitudes for the magnetoplane will constitute to around 7000 km. And this is actually deep space. At the same time, necessity of rocket velocity must fall away by virtue of the "prop".

Theory of developing thrust. Let's remember what is Lorentz force? It is the force which affects the electrical charge moving in the external magnetic field.

Particle direction depending on its charge in the vector of magnetic induction perpendicular to velocity vector (to us from the plane of the picture)

Pic. 2

Force affecting the particles is determined by formula: Fm - q[V в B]

Where

q is charge of particle; v is speed of particle; B is magnetic field induction. [3]

As we can see in formula, we must maximize charge q and its speed V. While magnetic field induction B is beyond our control, because it is initially given by nature, namely by the Sun and Earth, natural sources of the magnetic field

So, changing magnetoplan's speed relative to the Earth's magnetic field and changing charge quantity, carried by the flying vehicle we'll be able to make the magnetoplan traveling in space outside the atmosphere relying on the Earth's magnetic field. Based upon the formula, the grater the charge carried by the flying vehicle, the less its speed could be.

Lifting power. Displacement of the external magnetic field from the outer shell condenser caused by mechanical interaction of the external magnetic field and vortex magnetic fields, which appear around moving charges.

Pic. 1. Interaction of the magnetic field and current-carrying conductor. A-current in the conductor is directed "at us", B--current in the conductor is directed beyond the drawing's plane, "from us"

Pic. 86. Interaction of the current-carrying conductor and magnetic field

Hence, lifting power appears in the external magnetic field.

It must be also noted that it is necessary, for developing thrust, the only one type of charge interacts with the external magnetic field; otherwise forces affecting the positive and negative charges will be compensated. So, total force will be equal to zero.

About levitation.

And now let's figure out with the help of what forces our apparatus can levitate within the gravitational field of the Earth, the Lorentz force is a good topic. But it is clearly only suitable for an apparatus lighter than air.

1. The power of Archimedes Excellent gas Hydrogen, even Nitrogen, these are all gases that are lighter than air, which means they can be used in the gondolas of our apparatus.

2. Vacuum.

If you ionize for example Nitrogen or Hydrogen. Then a rarefaction will occur between the ions, since the electric forces of Coulomb will push these ions apart and a vacuum is formed between them and external atmospheric pressure is not a hindrance. Since the Coulomb forces are much greater than the squeezing effect of the Earth's atmosphere.

3. Power of the Coulomb.

Theoretically, ions can interact with the Earth's electric field and yes, levitate outside at least the stratosphere. The question is how to implement this in practice?

To summarize, we conclude that for the construction of a magnetic plane it is necessary to use hydrogen nitrogen ionization and vacuum.

Design of the magnetoplane.

Yes, we look at the first paragraph and it becomes clear that the airship should be taken as the basis and filled with nitrogen and hydrogen air ions. It is ionization that will create a vacuum between the particles, and hence an additional lifting force.

Gondola magnetic plane

The outer nacelle filled with positively charged air ions Nitrogen N2 + protect the inner nacelle from contact with atmospheric oxygen O2 and static electricity or electrons that are in the atmosphere.

About going into orbit.

In modern cosmonautics, the basis for entering orbit is acceleration to space speeds. At the same time, the idea of acceleration in the atmosphere is categorically rejected; there are no materials capable of withstanding temperature and shock loads. But in the case of a magnetic plane, its exit into the airless space is determined not so much by speed as by the charge carried by the gondola.

Yes, speed is also important, but low-speed can be compensated for by the amount of charge, and the amount of charge by speed. That is, it is quite possible to go into an airless space with the help of a magnetic plane. And already there, having spent, for example, protons and nitrogen from the nacelles to power the plasma engine, accelerate to the first space velocity and thus gain a foothold in the required orbit.

Literature:

-1- Space velocity.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C

-2- Magnetosphere.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%9C%D0%B0%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0

-3- Lorentz force.

http://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/%D0%A1%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B0_%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B0

-4- Encyclopedia of Physics. Magnetic screening.

http://www.femto.com.ua/articles/part_1/2064.html

-5- About Evstratov's magnetoplan.

http://samlib.ru/l/lemeshko_a_w/alg.shtml

-6- About Filimonenko's magnetoplan.

http://samlib.ru/editors/l/lemeshko_a_w/all.shtml

-7- SA. Metal current.

http://www.physbook.ru/index.php/SA._%D0%A2%D0%BE%D0%BA_%D0%B2_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B0%D0%BB%D0%BB%D0%B0%D1%85

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Orbital dirigible