Шкондини-Дуюновский Аристах Владиленович : другие произведения.

From the Final Report by Katzmann

Самиздат: [Регистрация] [Найти] [Рейтинги] [Обсуждения] [Новинки] [Обзоры] [Помощь|Техвопросы]
Ссылки:
Школа кожевенного мастерства: сумки, ремни своими руками
 Ваша оценка:


__________________________________________________________________________ 
                      Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies
7
/
1
From the Final Report by Katzmann, Commander of the 
SS and Police in the District Of Galicia, 
On "The Solution of the Jewish Problem" 
Reich Secret Document 
The SS and Police Leader (
SS-und Polizeifuhrer
) in the District of 
Galicia Lvov, June 30, 1943 
Re
: Solution of the Jewish Question in Galicia. 
Reference
: Attached Report 
Enclosure
: 1 Report (3 copies) 
1 Copy (bound) 
To the Higher SS and Police Leader East 
SS 
Obergruppenfuhrer 
and General of the Police 
Krüger 
Cracow 
Enclosed  I  forward  the  first  copy  of  the  final  report  on  the  Solution  of  the  
Jewish   Question   in   the   District   of   Galicia,   and   request   that   you   may   
acknowledge it. 
Katzmann 
SS 
Gruppenführer 
and 
Generalleutnant
 of Police 
Solution of the Jewish Problem in the District of Galicia 
Owing to the phrase "Galician Jew," Galicia was probably the small corner on 
earth most known and most frequently mentioned in connection with the Jews. 
Here  they  lived  in  great,  compact  multitudes,  forming  a  world  of  their  own,  
from which the rest of world Jewry renewed its population continuously. Jews 
were to be met with in their hundreds of thousands in all parts of Galicia. 
According to old statistics dating back to 1931, there were then about 502,000 
Jews. This number is unlikely to have diminished in the period between 1931 
and the summer of 1941. There are no precise figures for the number of Jews 
present when the German troops marched into Galicia. The figure of 350,000 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
                      Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies
7
/
2
was given by the Judenräte of Galicia for the end of the year 1941. That this 
figure  was  incorrect  can  be  seen  from  the  records  concerning  evacuation  
appended to this report. The city of Lvov alone housed about 160,000 Jews in 
the months of July-August 1941.... 
Our first measure was to identify every Jew by means of a white armlet with 
the  blue  Star  of  David.  In  accordance  with  a  decree  issued  by  the  Governor  
General,  the  Interior  Administration  was  responsible  for  the  identifying  and  
registration  of  the  Jews,  as  well  as  setting  up  the  Judenräte.
1
*  Our  task  as  
police  was  first  of  all  to  fight  effectively  against  the  immense  black  market  
operated by the Jews all over the District. Energetic measures also had to be 
taken against idlers loafing around and against do-nothings. 
The best means for this was the establishment of Forced Labor Camps by the 
SS  and  Police  Leader.  There  was,  first  of  all,  work  on  the  urgently  needed  
reconstruction  of  [highway]  Dg.  4.,  which  was  extremely  important  for  the  
entire  southern  section  of  the  Front  and  which  was  in  catastrophically  bad  
condition.  On  October  15,  1941,  a  start  was  made  on  the  building  of  camps  
along  the  railroad  tracks,  and  after  a  few  weeks,  despite  considerable  
difficulties,  7  camps  had  been  put  up,  containing  4,000  Jews.  More  camps  
soon followed, so that in a very short period of time the completion of 15 such 
camps  could  be  reported  to  the  Higher  SS  and  Police  Leader.  About  20,000  
Jewish laborers passed through these camps in the course of time. Despite all 
conceivable difficulties that turned up on this project, about 160 km. have now 
been completed. 
At the same time all other Jews who were fit for work were registered by the 
Labor Offices and directed to useful work. Both when the Jews were identified 
with the Star of David and when they were registered by the Labor Offices, the 
first  indications  were  noted  that  the  Jews  were  trying  to  evade  the  orders  
issued by the Authorities. The control measures carried out as a result led to 
thousands   of   arrests.   It   became   increasingly   apparent   that   the   Civil   
Administration  was  not  in  a  position  to  move  the  Jewish  problem  to  an  even  
reasonably  satisfactory  solution.  Because  repeated  attempts  of  the  City  
Administration of Lvov, for instance, to move the Jews into a Jewish quarter, 
failed,  this  question,  too,  was  solved  by  the  SS  and  Police  Leader  and  his  
__________________________________________________________________________ 
                      Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies
7
/
3
organizations. This measure had become all the more urgent because in the 
winter  of  1941  centers  of  typhus  infection  had  appeared  all  over  the  city,  
endangering not only the local population but, even more, the German troops 
either stationed in the city or passing through.... 
Owing  to  the  peculiarity  that  almost  90  percent  of  the  artisans  in  Galicia  
consisted  of  Jews,  the  problem  to  be  solved  could  only  be  carried  out  
gradually,  as  an  immediate  removal  of  the  Jews  would  not  have  been  in  the  
interest of the war economy. Not that one could observe that those Jews who 
were working made any special contribution by their work. Their place of work 
was  often  only  a  means  to  an  end  for  them:  firstly,  to  escape  the  sharper  
measures taken against the Jews; and, secondly, to be able to carry out their 
black-market dealings without interruption. Only continuous police intervention 
could prevent these activities. Draconic measures had to be introduced by us 
after  it  was  noted  in  increasing  numbers  of  cases  that  the  Jews  had  
succeeded   in   making   themselves   indispensable   to   their   employers   by   
provided  goods  in  short  supply,  etc.  It  is  very  sad  to  have  to  note  that  the  
wildest  black-market  deals  with  the  Jews  were  made  by  Germans  who  were  
brought  here,  and  in  particular  those  in  the  so-called  "operating  firms"  
(
Einsatszfirmen
) or the "ill-reputed trustees" (
berüchtigte Treuhänder
), both of 
which  operated  Jewish  firms  taken  from  their  owners.  Cases  were  known  
where Jews seeking to obtain some kind of working certificate not only did not 
ask  for  pay  from  their  employers  but  paid  regularly  themselves.  In  addition,  
Jewish    "organizing"
2
*    on    behalf    of    their    "employers"    reached    such    
catastrophic dimensions that energetic action had to be taken in the interest of 
the reputation of the German people. 
As  the  Administration  was  not  in  the  position  to  overcome  this  chaos,  and  
proved  weak,  the  whole  issue  of  Jewish  labor  simply  taken  over  by  the  SS  
and Police Leader. The existing Jewish Labor Offices, which were staffed by 
hundreds  of  Jews,  were  dissolved.  All  work  certificates  issued  by  firms  and  
official  employers  were  declared  invalid,  and  the  cards  given  to  Jews  by  the  
Labor Offices revalidated by the Police. 
In  the  course  of  this  
Aktion
  thousands  of  Jews  were  again  caught  in  
possession of forged certificates or labor certificates obtained fraudulently by 
__________________________________________________________________________ 
                      Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies
7
/
4
means  of  all  kinds  of  excuses.  These  Jews  were  also  sent  for  special  
treatment   (
Sonderbehandlung
ii).   The   Wehrmacht   authorities   in   particular   
aided  the  Jewish  parasites  by  issuing  special  certificates  without  proper  
control... There were cases where Jews were caught with from 10 to 20 such 
certificates. When Jews were arrested in the course of further checks, most of 
the  employers  felt  obliged  to  attempt  to  intervene  in  favor  of  the  Jews.  This  
was often done in a manner that can only be described as deeply shameful.... 
Despite  all  these  measures  for  the  regulation  of  Jewish  labor,  a  start  was  
made  in  April  1942  on  the  evacuation  of  Jews
3
*  from  the  District  of  Galicia,  
and this was carried out steadily. 
When  the  Higher  SS  and  Police  Leader  again  intervened  in  the  Jewish  
question in general on November 10, 1942, and a Police Order was issued for 
the formation of Jewish quarters, 254,989 Jews had already been evacuated 
or resettled. Since the Higher SS and Police Leader gave further instructions 
to accelerate the total evacuation of the Jews, further considerable work was 
necessary in order to catch those Jews who were, for the time being, to be left 
in  the  armaments  factories.  These  remaining  Jews  were  declared  labor  
prisoners of the Higher SS and Police Leader and held either in the factories 
themselves  or  in  camps  erected  for  this  purpose.  For  Lvov  itself  a  large  
camp
4
*   was   erected   on   the   outskirts,   which   holds   8,000   Jewish   labor   
prisoners  at  the  present  time.  The  agreement  made  with  the  Wehrmacht  
concerning employment and treatment of the labor prisoners was set down in 
writing... 
In the meantime further evacuation was carried out vigorously, with the result 
that by June 23, 1943, all Jewish quarters could be dissolved. Apart from the 
Jews in camps under the control of the SS and Police Leader, the District of 
Galicia is thus free of Jews (
Judenfrei
). 
Individual   Jews   occasionally   picked   up   by   the   Order   Police   or   the   
Gendarmerie  were  sent  for  special  treatment.  Altogether,  
434,329
Jews
  had  
been evacuated up to June 27, 1943.... [This is followed by a list of 21 camps 
in which there were still 21,156 Jews.] 
Together   with   the   evacuation   
Aktionen
   Jewish   property   was   collected.   
Valuables  were  secured  and  handed  over  to  the  Special  Staff  "Reinhard."  
__________________________________________________________________________ 
                      Shoah Resource Center, The International School for Holocaust Studies
7
/
5
Apart  from  furniture  and  large  quantities  of  textiles,  etc.,  the  following  were  
confiscated and delivered to Special Staff "Reinhard": 
As of June 30, 1943: 
25.580 kg. copper coins 
53.190 " nickel coins 
97.581 " gold coins 
82.600 " silver chains 
6.640 " chains, gold 
4.326.780 " broken silver 
167.740 " silver coins 
18.490 " iron coins 
20.050 " brass coins 
20.952 " gold wedding rings 
22.740 " pearls 
11.730 " gold teeth bridges 
28.200 " powder compacts silver or other metal 
44.655 " broken gold 
482.900 " silver flatware 
343.100 " cigarette cases silver and other metal 
20.880 kg. rings, gold, with stones 
39.917 " brooches, earrings, etc. 
18.02 " rings, silver 
6.166 " pocket watches, various 
3.133 " pocket watches, silver 
3.425 " wrist watches silver 
1.256 " wrist watches gold 
2.892 " pocket watches gold 
68 cameras 
98 binoculars 
7 stamp collections complete 
5 travel baskets of loose stamps 
100.500 " 3 sacks of rings, jewelry not genuine 

 Ваша оценка:

Связаться с программистом сайта.

Новые книги авторов СИ, вышедшие из печати:
О.Болдырева "Крадуш. Чужие души" М.Николаев "Вторжение на Землю"

Как попасть в этoт список

Кожевенное мастерство | Сайт "Художники" | Доска об'явлений "Книги"